这一点意义重大。近年来,在美国天然气总产量中,页岩气的比例几乎从零上升至五分之一。今后几年,这一比例将进一步提高。瑞士联合银行的 Ronald J. Barone 认为,能源运输的物流方式由此改变。与传统天然气相比,页岩气的分布更广泛。与进口天然气的港口位置相比,页岩气的分布也更普遍。
The more shale gas America uses, the more local the energy business becomes. Deliveries from gas basins in the south-west to the markets of the heavily populated Atlantic seaboard in the north-east are dwindling. The development of the Marcellus shale is displacing long-distance supplies with gas from Pennsylvania, Ohio and West Virginia.
页岩气用得越多,美国的能源业务就越趋本地化。从西南天然气盆地到东北严重污染的大西洋沿岸,天然气输送量正在缩减。Marcellus 页岩气的开发利用开始取代宾夕法尼亚、俄亥俄以及西弗吉尼亚的远距离天然气供应。
Transporting gas still brings big and stable revenues. But diversifying into oil makes sense too. America s oil pipelines are largely unfettered by the rigid regulations that govern gas-pipeline tariffs. So transporting gloopy oil is far more profitable than shifting lighter-than-air gas.
天然气运输带来的收入仍然丰厚,而且稳定。但业务扩展到输油领域也很有意义。在美国,输气管道要缴纳的关税被法规严格规定,而输油管道几乎没有这种束缚。因此,与输送比空气还轻的天然气相比,输送粘稠的石油收益要高得多。
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