Cox博士最近在学术期刊《皇家学会进展》发表的文章中对266名马达加斯加人进行DNA抽样,同现有的2745名印尼人的DNA样品进行了比对,得出了以上结论。他把重点放在对线粒体DNA的研究上。线粒体DNA是一种参与生物体能量制造过程的细胞器,起源于20亿年前与人类祖先共生的细菌,因而线粒体有自己的基因。人类仅能从母亲身上遗传线粒体DNA,所以只有母系血统能使用追踪线粒体DNA的方法。
The advantage of studying mitochondrial DNA is that it is not shuffled around by sex. Dr Coxand his colleagues were therefore able to make a statistical comparison of Indonesian andMalagasy mitochondrial genomes knowing that any changes which had occurred since theyseparated would be the result of rare mutations. These can be spotted and accounted for.Indeed, because they can be tracked they add to the information which can be extracted froma sample.
研究线粒体DNA的优点在于它不会被性别打乱。Cox博士和他的同事们因此能进行印尼人和马达加斯加人线粒体基因组的数据比对,从而推断出原本相同的线粒体DNA天各一方后发生的任何遗传变化都是源于一些罕见的基因突变。这些都是可以辨认及作出解释的,因为科学家可以追踪线粒体DNA上附加的信息,而这些信息可以从线粒体DNA样品中提取。
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