Dr Ellis and his team sequenced the whole genomes of both cancerous and normal tissuefrom 46 women with tumours of a type called oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer.They also sequenced just the gene-containing regions of the genome-about 1% of totalDNA-from an additional 31 women, and parts of the sequences of 240 more. They thencompared the healthy and tumorous genomes of each patient, in order to discover whichgenes had mutated in the cancer.
埃利斯博士及其团队对46名身患雌激素受体阳性乳腺癌的妇女的癌组织和正常组织进行了全基因组测序。他们也对另外31名病人的基因组中含有基因的那些区域进行了测序,并对其他240 名病人的这些部分做了部分测序。此后,为找出癌细胞中哪些基因发生了突变,他们比较了每个病人的健康和癌变基因组。
In this, they were following the normal protocol of the cancer genome consortium. Thenovelty of their approach was that the women in question had each been involved in one oftwo clinical trials of a drug called letrozole. These trials established letrozole as a standardtreatment for people with this type of breast cancer, but not all patients benefit equally fromthe drug. Dr Ellis hoped to find out why.
他们在这一工作中是按癌症基因组协作组的标准程序操作的,但其方法的新颖之处是,他们还同时进行一种名为来曲唑的药物的临床试验。该试验有两种,每个病人都接受其中的一种。这些试验证实来曲唑是这类乳腺癌的标准治疗方法,但它对每个病人的疗效并不一样。埃利斯博士希望找出其原因。
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