2015考研英语阅读城市里的种族隔离_大学英语阅读

2015考研英语阅读城市里的种族隔离

　　这些需求复杂且变化不定。继1902年大败波尔人后，英国南非的统治者希望为金矿的发展增加开发过约翰尼斯堡的劳动力，但他们也想吸引讲英语的白色人种移民前来。所以统治者承诺移民能过上一种把其他种族当做家仆来使唤的尊贵生活。不同隔离形式推陈出新的出现，比如现今的索维托就建在城市污水处理厂旁。二十世纪初黑死病肆虐开普敦后，为了让欧洲人保持健康，人们开始采用一项新的隔离方法。这场瘟疫爆发始于中国港口，并不断扩散;在很多城市，传染病成为庞大种族隔离运动的催化剂，并沦为种族主义者的合法工具。

　　Mr Nightingale, a professor at the State University of New York in Buffalo, makes a fair casefor studying the emergence of colonial cities as a single phenomenon. More contentiousis his argument that modern Chicago presents a comparable example of rich white peopleforcing racial minorities, especially blacks, to live separately and badly.

　　居住在布法罗的纽约州立大学教授南丁格尔先生，为了保证公平，把殖民城市的出现当做一个简单的现象来研究。更容易引起争论的是，他认为现代的芝加哥市提供了一个可比案例富裕的白色人种逼迫少数人种，尤其是黑人，住在环境恶劣的隔离地区里。

　　Even when black people were enfranchised and began asserting their civil rights in the 1960s,politics in Chicago was manipulated in ways whose end-result was not so different fromapartheid, he argues. One early factor was the emergence of a property market that wasdistorted by covenants which specified the race of the purchaser. The Supreme Courtallowed the practice in 1926, but struck it down in 1948. Later, so-called urban-renewalprojects were used to move black communities to less desirable locations, Mr Nightingalesays. Poor areas were cleared to build highways that would enable rich commuters to travelmore easily between offices and their suburban homes.