《为人民的资本主义》一书最后一个话题也正是该书的中心思想,书的作者是芝加哥大学布斯商学院的Luigi Zingales教授。24年前,Zingales从裙带关系泛滥的意大利来到美国,该书正是Zingales为当时他所见的美国写的一曲挽歌。在意大利,公司一般都喜欢小规模运作谨慎周密地运作。扩大公司规模会让他们更容易经不起监管,还要求他们得根据能力选人而非忠诚度,但是忠诚度又极其重要,因为正是员工的忠诚才让他们经得住详细盘查。
Arriving in America, Mr Zingales found an enthusiasm for capitalism. Americans believedthat it was possible to become rich and that increasing wealth benefited the poor as well asthe not so poor. They regarded their capitalist system as fairor at least fair enough. All ofthose sentiments, says Mr Zingales, have been eroded.
刚到美国,Zingales看到的是对资本主义的狂热。美国人坚信,致富是可能的,并且财富的增加对穷对富都是有益无害的。他们认为自己的资本主义系统是公正的,不是绝对公正至少也是足够公正的。Zingales说到,所有的这种狂热情绪已消失殆尽。
Much of the change is a direct result of the vast expansion of the state through complexsubsidies and anti-competitive regulations that invite the sort of cronyism that Mr Meltzercites as well. When government favours the private sector, Mr Zingales argues, it is all toooften by being pro-business rather than pro-market, meaning that favourable conditionsare provided to particular institutions rather than to institutions broadly. This distorts thesystem, resulting in precisely the problem of select companies making profits while imposingcosts on society that Mr Meltzer argues is at the core of what regulation should be designedto prevent.
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