目前,16-24岁的人群是参与率是下降最多的,2007年下降了将近5个百分点。奥巴马政府的经济顾问委员会会长阿兰?克鲁格估计这能解释为什么总参与率下降了近1/3。
That puts a different spin on a trend most economists have seen in a drearier light. Theythought a lacklustre economy was suppressing participation by driving discouraged workersout of the labour market altogether, and that participation would rebound along with theeconomy. Mr Krueger agrees that part of the drop is due to lack of demand for labourbecause of the recession, but thinks something else is at work: the underlying trend inparticipation in the past decade has already been falling because of an ageing work forceand a downdrift in participation by women. It may tick up in coming years as the youngpeople now in college graduate. When they do, Mr Krueger notes, they will have more humancapital, which will, with luck, earn them higher wages and boost the economys overallpotential. Which would be all to the good, since they will have hefty student loans to repay.
这转变了大多数经济学家在不明朗的情势下看到的趋势。他们曾认为疲软的经济使得灰心丧气的劳动者退出劳动力市场,从而压制了参与率,经济复苏可以使得参与率回升。克鲁格先生赞同这样的观点:经济衰退降低了劳动力需求从而降低了参与率,但他认为这后面另有玄机:过去的十年里参与率已经有潜在的下降的趋势,这时由于劳动力老龄化以及女性参与率下降造成的。不过在接下来的几年里,参与率会由于现在读大学生毕业而再度上升。克鲁格先生还指出当这些大学生毕业后会拥有更高的人力资本,如果一切顺利的话,他们将因此获得更高的薪资,并促进经济总体潜力的增长。这样总得来说还是好的,因为他们须偿还巨额贷款。
【2015考研英语阅读势利之国】相关文章:
最新
2016-10-18
2016-10-11
2016-10-11
2016-10-08
2016-09-30
2016-09-30