有些人认为,经济衰退可以加快经济结构的调整进程约瑟夫熊彼特称这为创造性破坏。破坏那部分很容易理解:经济衰退让企业倒闭,大街上剩下的那些用木板钉牢的窗户就如同他们的墓碑。然而,经济衰退也可能刺激新行业的诞生。
When people suddenly have less money to spend, clever entrepreneurs may see anopportunity to set up businesses that give them what they want more cheaply orefficiently. Downturns may also swell the ranks of potential firm creators, because manywho might otherwise have sought a stable salary will reinvent themselves as entrepreneurs.A recent study by Robert Fairlie of the University of California, Santa Cruz found that theproportion of Americans who start a new business each month is on average about half ashigh again in metropolitan areas where unemployment is in double digits as in thosewhere it is under 2%.
当人们的可支配的收入突然减少,敏锐的企业家可能抓住这个机会去兴办企业,生产他们需要的更便宜且更有效的商品。经济衰退也可能扩大潜在创业者的规模,因为很多原本要寻找一个稳定的工作的人,将会重塑自己为企业家。圣克鲁兹的加利福尼亚大学的罗伯特费尔利最近的一项研究发现,在失业率高达两位数的大城市,美国人的月均创业比率大约两倍于那些失业率在2%以下的地区。
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