A recession is a difficult time to start a company, of course. Credit is scarce. Would-beentrepreneurs are further handicapped by falling asset prices, since they might want to usetheir homes as collateral for a start-up loan. Whether downturns on balance help or hurtentrepreneurs depends therefore on the relative strength of these opposing sets of forces.
当然,在经济衰退期间创业总是相当艰难的。信用稀缺,且不断下降的资产价格更成为未来的企业家们创业的进一步障碍,因此他们可能以房屋为抵押,从而获得启动资金。因此,资产负债表的恶化对企业家是有利还是有害,取决于他们的相对资本实力。
Mr Fairlie finds evidence that the spur to enterprise during the most recent recession inAmerica from a drying-up of other employment opportunities outweighed the drag onbusiness formation from a collapsing housing market. That said, a shrinking economy alsomakes it hard for young firms to take root and grow. A study commissioned by the KaufmannFoundation, an organisation devoted to entrepreneurs, suggests that young companies,typically responsible for the bulk of US job creation, added only 2.3m jobs in 2009, downfrom about 3m a year earlier.
费尔利在美国最近的经济衰退中发现的证据表明,其他就业机会的枯竭对创业的刺激超过了崩溃的房地产市场的阻碍。也就是说,经济萎缩也使得年轻企业难以扎根和成长。考夫曼基金会资助的一项研究表明,美国大多数就业机会的增加要归功于新企业,在2009年仅增加了230万就业,而在去年这数字是300万左右。
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