Tough times do not suddenly prompt everyone to start a business. The vast majority ofpeople who reach working age during a downturn still look for a job. But research alsosuggests that recessions have lasting effects on how executives manage businesses. JohnGraham of Duke University and Krishnamoorthy Narasimhan of PIMCO, a bond manager,have found that chief executives who lived through the Depression tended to run companieswith lower debt levels . Ina new study, Antoinette Schoar and Luo Zuo of the Massachusetts Institute of Technologyshow that companies run many years later by people who cut their teeth during bleak times,when money was tight and customers harder to find, are systematically different from thoserun by managers whose formative experiences date back to expansionary times, whencredit and optimism were in ample supply.
艰难的日子并非突然促使每个人去创业。在衰退时期,绝大多数处于工作年龄的人仍然会去寻找工作。但是有研究表明,衰退对管理层管理企业的方式有着持续的影响。杜克大学的约翰葛拉汉和太平洋投资管理公司的债券经理 Krishnamoorthy Narasimhan发现萧条期间的首席执行官倾向于以更低的债务水平运营公司。在一项新研究中,麻省理工学院的安托瓦内特肖尔和佐罗发现,那些曾在黑暗时期创业的企业家管理多年的公司,与仅经历扩张时期的企业家的公司有系统性的差别。
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