With the professionalisation of journalism in the early 20th century came a more detachedstyle of reporting. In effect, a deal was struck between advertisers, publishers and journalists,says New York Universitys Jay Rosen. Journalists agreed not to alienate anyone so thatadvertisers could aim their messages at everyone. That way the publishers got a broadermarket and the journalists got steady jobs but gave up their voices. Objectivity is a grandbargain between all the different players, says Mr Rosen. When radio and television emerged,Americas private broadcasters embraced impartiality in their news reporting to maximise theirappeal to audiences and advertisers and avoid trouble with regulators.
在20世纪,随着资讯工作的职业化,出现了更为分离化的报道风格。纽约大学的Jay Rosen认为,这事实上是广告商,出版商,以及记者之间达成的协议。记者不排除任何受众,那么广告商就可以吸引更多消费者。如此一来,出版商扩大了市场,记者得到了稳定的工作,但是却无法发出自己的声音。Rosen说,客观性是各利益方之间做成的一笔大交易。广播和电视出现之后,美国各个私人广播公司都在其资讯中坚持公正性原则,以此来赢得更多的观众和广告商,也避免在监管方那里惹出麻烦。
These days different countries have different preferences. In Europe overt partisanship innewspapers is widespread and state-run television channels often have partisan allegiances:Italys three state channels are each aligned with specific parties, for example. The politicalindependence of the BBC in Britain is unusual, and is in any case contested by critics whocomplain that it is too left-leaning. In India 81 of the 500 satellite-TV channels that havesprung up in the past 20 years are news channels, most of them catering to specific political,religious, regional, linguistic or ethnic groups. Only a few take an objective, pan-Indianapproach, says Daya Thussu of the University of Westminster.
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