2015考研英语阅读读博是浪费时间_大学英语阅读

2015考研英语阅读读博是浪费时间

　　ON THE evening before All Saints Day in 1517,Martin Luther nailed 95 theses to the door of achurch in Wittenberg. In those days a thesis wassimply a position one wanted to argue. Luther, an Augustinian friar, asserted that Christianscould not buy their way to heaven. Today a doctoral thesis is both an idea and an account of aperiod of original research. Writing one is the aim of the hundreds of thousands of studentswho embark on a doctorate of philosophy every year.

　　1517年的万圣节前夕，马丁路德将批判教会的95条纲论钉到了威登堡一教堂的门上。那时，论文仅作为人们辩论的场所存在。路德，一个奥古斯丁教的传教士，他认为基督徒们不能买断到天堂的路。今天，一篇博士论文是一种想法也是对某一特定时期原创性研究的陈述。完成一篇博士论文是成千上万一届又一届为取得博士学位而奋斗的博士生们的目标所在。

　　In most countries a PhD is a basic requirement for a career in academia. It is an introduction tothe world of independent researcha kind of intellectual masterpiece, created by anapprentice in close collaboration with a supervisor. The requirements to complete one varyenormously between countries, universities and even subjects. Some students will first haveto spend two years working on a masters degree or diploma. Some will receive a stipend;others will pay their own way. Some PhDs involve only research, some require classes andexaminations and some require the student to teach undergraduates. A thesis can be dozensof pages in mathematics, or many hundreds in history. As a result, newly minted PhDs can beas young as their early 20s or world-weary forty-somethings.