The MIFF phenomenon is not entirely new. Papua New Guinea and Equatorial Guineabothundeveloped places with big extractive industriesare longstanding examples. But untilrecently, there were few of them and they mattered less. Now countries like Pakistan, Yemenand Nigeria may pose bigger problems to the West than traditional failed states, such asCongo, whose disasters are mostly visited on their unfortunate citizens.
MIFF现象并不新鲜。Papua New Guinea和Equatorial Guinea是两个大型采掘业所在地,都属于欠发达地区。但最近,这些国家慢慢脱离了这一行列,他们的影响力也越来越小。现在对于西方国家来说,巴基斯坦、也门和尼日利亚等国家比起那些脆弱的传统国家是更大的挑战,因为后者的国民遭遇得更多。
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