7月5号,世贸争议解决机构在连续3场投诉中都判定中国违规。这3场投诉由美国、欧盟、墨西哥于2009年提出,他们的投诉理由为,中国在铝土矿、镁、锌硅等工业原料方面是主要产出国,但是中国制定政策,限制这些原料的出口。原告认定,中国的政策限制这些商品的供给,引起价格飙升,从而让国内利用这些原料的公司具有竞争优势,这很不公平。
China says its restrictions were motivated by its desire to conserve the worlds limitedsupply of these materials and to protect the environment from the pollution caused by theirextraction. The problem with this line of argument, as the WTO panel noted, was that althoughChina restricted the export of these commodities, it had done nothing to reduce their actualproduction. Chinas policies were in clear violation of its WTO commitments, it found.
中国辩护说设定这些限制完全出于以下考虑,中方有意节约这些稀有资源,同时减少提炼带来的环境污染。世贸专门问题小组认为,该论证的问题在于,虽然说中国限制这些原料的出口,可是它完全没有减少实际产出。该小组认为中国的政策显然违背了它入世时的承诺。
China expressed regret at the WTOs ruling and has up to 60 days to lodge an appeal.Jeffrey Schott of the Peterson Institute for International Economics, a think-tank inWashington, DC, expects several more big cases against China soon. But the significance ofthis judgment goes beyond China. Many countries banned some food exports during the food-price spike of 2008. A renewed period of buoyant commodity prices and demand could easilytempt more governments to emulate Chinas restrictions on exports of raw materials. TheWTOs judgment may dissuade at least some countries from doing so. And given the rottenstate of the Doha round of trade talks, a show of teeth in defence of a rules-based tradingsystem is more useful than ever.
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