2015考研英语阅读民主的程度_大学英语阅读

2015考研英语阅读民主的程度

　　许多由于对强硬领导人不满情绪涌出而导致起义的国家，其教育水平在近几十年中有大幅的提升。这些国家中的年轻人受到的教育远好于他们的父母。1990年平均每个埃及人接受4.4年的教育，到了 2010年这个数字提升到7.1年。是教育促使民主化么?教育使得人们更少愿意忍受对自由的限制，更愿意挑战权威。

　　Ideas about the links between education, income anddemocracy are at the heart of what social scientistsin the middle of the last century termed themodernisation hypothesis. One of its most famousproponents, Seymour Lipset, wrote in 1959 thateducation presumably broadens mens outlooks,enables them to understand the need for norms oftolerance, restrains them from adhering toextremist and monistic doctrines, and increasestheir capacity to make rational electoral choices.

　　关于教育、收入和民主之间联系的看法是上世纪中期被社会科学家称为现代化假说的核心。最著名的支持者Seymour Lipset在1959年写到教育可能拓宽人们的视野，使他们能够理解宽容的必要性，减少他们对极端主义和一元论学说的依附，提高他们做出理性的选举决择的能力。

　　Since then plenty of economists and political scientists have looked for statistical evidence of acausal link between education and democratisation. Many have pointed to the strongcorrelation that exists between levels of education and measures like the pluralism of partypolitics and the existence of civil liberties . The patterns are similar whenyou look at income and democracy. There are outliers, of courseuntil recently, many Arabcountries managed to combine energy-based wealth and decent education with undemocraticpolitical systems. But some deduce from the overall picture that as China and otherauthoritarian states get more educated and richer, their people will agitate for greater politicalfreedom, culminating in a shift to a more democratic form of government.