The most obvious way in which migrants repay their homelands is through remittances. Workers from developing countries remitted a total of $325 billion in 2010, according to the World Bank. In Lebanon, Lesotho, Nepal, Tajikistan and a few other places, remittances are more than 20% of GDP. A skilled migrant may earn several multiples of what his income would have been had he stayed at home. A study of Romanian migrants to America found that the average emigrant earned almost $12,000 a year more in America than he would have done in his native land, a huge premium for someone from a country where income per person is around $7,500 .
移民回馈他们祖国最常见的方式就是汇款。世行称,2010年发展中国家移民的汇款总额达3250亿美元。在黎巴嫩,莱索托,尼泊尔,塔吉克斯坦和少数其它国家,移民的汇款数额占到了GDP的20%以上。一个技术移民在他国的人收入可能是在本国的好几倍。一项关于美国的罗马尼亚移民的研究发现,平均地说,移民在美国的年收入比在其本国的收入要高出近12000美元,对于那些来自人均年收入只有约7500美元的国家的移民来说,这是笔不小的数目。
It is true that many skilled migrants have been educated and trained partly at the expense of their governments. Some argue that poor countries should therefore rethink how much they spend on higher education. Indians, for example, often debate whether their government should continue to subsidise the Indian Institutes of Technology , its elite engineering schools, when large numbers of IIT graduates end up in Silicon Valley or on Wall Street. But a new study of remittances sent home by Ghanaian migrants suggests that on average they transfer enough over their working lives to cover the amount spent on educating them several times over. The study finds that once remittances are taken into account, the cost of education would have to be 5.6 times the official figure to make it a losing proposition for Ghana.
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