2015考研英语阅读长寿风险_大学英语阅读

2015考研英语阅读长寿风险

　　长寿风险，这是使人比预期活的更加久远的机会，可能是非常昂贵的。更别说是癌症治愈的巨大冲击：根据国际货币基金组织的报告：人类的平均寿命每增加一年便会增加4%的养老金账单，大约一万亿美元。

　　Firms that have sold annuities are the most obvious victims of living longer, as they keep onwriting cheques to oldies they expected would have passed on by now. But the most severerisk lies with defined-benefit pension schemes, in which participants are promised an annualpayment throughout their retirement, however long it may last. Globally private defined-benefit schemes already have 23 trillion of liabilitiesthe amount they owe current and futurepensioners. Many are grossly underfunded as it is.

　　那些出售养老金的企业明显是那些平均寿命增长的受害者，因为他们还得继续为那些寿命超过他们预期的的人开支票。但是最严峻的风险取决于分期给付固定型养老金计划，使得参与者承诺每年付款直到她们退休，无论这要持续多久。全球的私人分期固定型养老金计划已经有高达23万亿美元的负债他们对于是现在以及将来的养老金领取者的负债。他们许多对此都负担不起。

　　Such statistics are enough to send a pension trustee to an early grave. Yet there is anapparent cure, in the form of longevity swaps, which pension schemes can use to insureagainst the risk that their members will live longer than expected. In July, the pension schemeof BT, Britain s former telecoms monopoly, which is wrestling with a deficit of 7 billion,offloaded the longevity risk on over a quarter of its liabilities to Prudential Financial, anAmerican insurer. BT will pay Prudential a monthly fee and it in turn will pay the extra pensioncosts if the shuffleboarders in question live longer than forecast.