不定式由to+动词原形构成,具有动词的特征,同时也有名词,形容词和副词的特征,具体属于哪个特征应视所处语境而定。
不定式作目的状语。例如:
He sent his daughter to America to learn English.
不定式作宾语补足语。例如:
We believe him to be guilty.
不定式作后置定语。例如:
The topic to be discussed at the meeting is still unknown.
不定式作主语。例如:
To know oneself is difficult.
不定式作表语。例如:
My work is to clean the room every day.
动名词
动名词在形式上与现在分词相同,都是在动词原形的词末加-ing,但其表达的动作意义不如现在分词强,因为动名词已经将动作名词化了,从某种意义上说,动名词就相当于名词,代词了。
动名词作主语。例如:
Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview; having the answers ready will be of great help.
动名词作表语。例如:
Her job was washing clothes.
动名词作宾语。例如:
I avoid telling Jane the truth because I knew she would be angry.
动名词作定语。例如:
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