forestall v. 垄断;预先阻止

　　mental decline 智力下降

　　The preeminent exercise and brain-health researcher in humans is Arthur Kramer at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. In a dozen studies over the past few years, with titles such as Aerobic Fitness Reduces Brain Tissue Loss in Aging Humans, Kramer and his colleagues have proved two critical findings: Fit people have sharper brains, and people who are out of shape, but then get into shape, sharpen up their brains. This second finding is vital. Theres no question that working out makes you smarter, and it does so, Kramer notes, at all stages of life. Just as important, exercise staves off heart disease, obesity, diabetes and other maladies that increase the risk of brain problems as we age.

　　preeminent adj. 卓越的

　　a dozen 一打;十二个

　　out of shape 走形;变样

　　sharpen up 使更敏锐;认真思考

　　stave off 避开;延缓

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