riot 暴乱
anti-government demonstration 反政府游行
general strike 大型罢工
political assassination 政治暗杀
attempted revolution 未遂革命
in addition to 除之外
While the pattern holds throughout our sample, the relationship is not deterministic the chance of unrest goes up as governments retrench, but it is not guaranteed. Many incidents, such as police brutality, as in the case of Rodney King in LA, or the killing of Mark Duggan in London, can provide the spark that leads to a conflagration. One reason why times of austerity could create the right environment for massive unrest is, in our view, that cut-backs usually hit some parts of the society disproportionately more than others.
go up 增长;上升
retrench v. 减少;减缩开支
police brutality 警察暴力
Interestingly, tax increases do not have the same effect. While they are also associated with greater instability, the effect is small, and the link weak. This suggests that governments wanting to retrench, but worried about social instability, should consider tax increases, first and foremost.
be associated with 与有联系
social instability 社会动荡
first and foremost 首先;首要的是
These findings cast doubts on established wisdom. Until the sovereign debt crisis of 2010, the consensus among economists was unambiguous expenditure cuts can be growth-enhancing. Also, there was a widely accepted view that there is no penalty at the ballot box for cuts. Governments that implement huge austerity programmes are just as likely to win as the ones doing nothing. While recent research by the IMF casts some doubt on the economic benefits, our results question the political economy side of the story cuts may not imperil re-election, but they create the risk of major social and political instability.
【英语六级阅读练习:伦敦暴乱】相关文章:
最新
2016-10-18
2016-10-11
2016-10-11
2016-10-08
2016-09-30
2016-09-30