Private colleges and universities generally do better, partly because they offer smaller classes and more personal attention. But when it comes to a significant graduation gap, Bowdoin has company. Nearby Colby College logged an 18-point difference between white and black graduates in 2007 and 25 points in 2006. Middlebury College in Vermont, another topnotch school, had a 19-point gap in 2007 and a 22-point gap in 2006. The most selective private schools-Harvard, Yale, and -Princetonshow almost no gap between black and white graduation rates. But that may have more to do with their ability to cherry-pick the best students. According to data gathered by Harvard Law School professor Lani Guinier, the most selective schools are more likely to choose blacks who have at least one immigrant parent from Africa or the Caribbean than black students who are descendants of American slaves. According to Guiniers data, the latter perform less well academically.
Higher education has been able to duck this issue for years, particularly the more selective schools, by saying the onus is on the individual student, says Pennington of the Gates Foundation. If they fail, its their fault. Some critics blame affirmative actionstudents admitted with lower test scores and grades from shaky high schools often struggle at elite schools. But a bigger problem may be that poor high schools often send their students to colleges for which they are, in educators jargon, undermatched: they could get into more elite, richer schools, but instead go to community colleges and low-rated state schools that lack the resources to help them. Some schools out for profit cynically jack up tuitions and count on student loans and federal aid to foot the billknowing full well that the students wont make it. Colleges know that a lot of kids they take will end up in remedial classes, for which theyll get no college credit and then theyll flunk out, says Amy Wilkins of the Education Trust. The school gets to keep the money, but the kid leaves with loads of debt and no degree and no ability to get a better job. Colleges are not holding up their end.
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