The key principle of copyright law has always been that works can be copied only once authors have expressly given their permission, says Piers Bluffed, of the Sheila Land literary agency in London. Google has reversed this it has simply copied all these works without bothering task.
In 2005, the Authors Guild of America, together with a group of US publishers, launched a class action suit (集团诉讼) against Google that, after more than two years of negotiation, ended with an announcement last October that Google and the claimants had reached an out-of-court settlement. The full details are complicated - the text alone runs to 385 pages and trying to summarize it is no easy task. Part of the problem is that it is basically incomprehensible, says Bluffed, one of the settlements most vocal British critics.
Broadly, the deal provides a mechanism for Google to compensate authors and publishers whose rights it has breached (including giving them a share of any future revenue it generates from their works). In exchange for this, the rights holders agree not to sue Google in future.
This settlement hands Google the power - but only with the agreement of individual rights holders to exploit its database of out-of-print books. It can include them in subscription deals sold to libraries or sell them individually under a consumer license. It is these commercial provisions that are proving the settlements most controversial aspect.
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