常用的猜词方法有:定义法、对比法、因果法、同义法等。
(1)定义法
在使用较为生僻的词时,作者往往会在上下文中通过破折号、括号或逗号等直接给出该词的定义,或者用定语从句来解释。
A catalyst is a substance,which accelerates a chemical reaction.(催化剂)
Sometimes the earth moves between the sun and the moon.Then the earths shadow falls on the moon; no light from the sun can then reach the moon.The moon gets dark because it cannot reflect the suns light.We call this an eclipse of the moon.(月蚀)
(2)对比法
通过上下文词义的对比来猜测生词的含义。
If you agree,writeyesif you dissent,writeno.(反对)
Although a large number of people think the man to be guilty,I believe him to be innocent of the crime.(无辜的,清白的,与句中guilty有罪的相对)
(3)因果法
根据因果推理判断词义。
Jane did not hear what they were talking about because she was completely engrossed in her reading.(全神贯注)
(4)同义法
上下文在解释一个生僻词时,往往会出现一些标志性的词语,如:or,and,that is,that is to say,i.e., namely,in other words等等。
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