4.分不清and所连接的成分在层次上的差别。例如:
⑦Among the factors responsible for the higher crop yields per acre are the widespread use of m achinery for power,the development of better fertilizers,the breeding of better varieties,particularly semidwarf wheat and rice and hybrid sorghum and corn,and the more efficient use of irrigation.
例句中连用了四个and,第四个and连接的部分是第一层次,在particularly...corn这部分中,第二个and连接的是第二层次,第一个与第三个and连接的是第三层次,semidwarf wheat and rice与hybrid sorghum and corn应视作两小项,不可分为四项,semidwarf既修饰wheat也修饰rice;hybrid同时修饰sorghum与corn。
5.分不清this/these/that/those等是指示代词还是限定词。作指示代词可以代替名词单独使用,而作限定词时,它们修饰名词,不能单独使用。例如:
⑧If his savings,pension,and social security are substantial,he can engage in charitable or religious activities.But the self-reliant American finds these poor substitutes for those social and business activities which once occupied his time and energies.
these是指示代词,代替上文中的 charitable or religious activities而充当 finds的宾语,poor substitutes是宾语的补语,意思是说:发现慈善、宗教活动不能取代原来从事的社交、商业活动。若把 these看作限定词,则these poor substitutes成了一个意群,语意大相径庭。
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