How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt bas yielded io blind pride. American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quickwitted, according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvards Kennedy School of Government. It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity, says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington D.C. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as a golden age of business management in che United States.
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长时问且不费力的成功史可能成为一种可怕的阻碍。但是,如果处理得当,它可以变成一种动力。二战结束后,美国进入了一个熠熠生辉的时期,它的市场规模是任何一个竞争对手的八部以上,这使得它的产业经济规模无与伦比。它的科学家是世界上最出色的,它的工人在技术上是最棒的。美国和美国人的繁荣富裕是那些经济受到战争摧毁的欧洲人和亚洲人所难以想象的。
这种独占鳌头的情形随着其他国家日渐强盛,不可避免地被削弱。同样不可避免的是逐渐失去统治地位的痛苦滋味。到了20世纪80年代中期,美国人困惑地发现他们的产业竞争力逐渐衰落。一些大的美国产业,如电子消费品,已经在外国的竞争下萎缩或消失。到了l987年,只有一家美国电视制造公司 顶点 公司存留下来。(现在则荡然无存: 顶点 已在7月份被南韩LG电子公司收购。)外国生产的汽车和纺织品席卷了美国国内市场。美国的机床制造业处境艰难。曾经有一段时间,连美国发明的处于新的电脑时代核心地位的半导体制造业看上去也将成为下一个牺牲品。
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