Using generic markers speeds up old-fashioned breeding methods becauseyou no longer have to wait for the tree to grow up to see if it has the desiredtraits. But it is more a sophisticated form of selective breeding. Now. however.interest in genetic tinkering is also gaining ground. To this end, Dr.Amerson and his colleagues are taking part in the Pine Gene Discovery Project. an initiative to identify and sequence the 50,000-odd genes in the pine trees genome. Knowing which gene does what should make it easier to know what to alter.
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如果你今天走到森林里去,可能会看到高科技的树木 这些树通过基因改良促进了生长的速度或提高了木材的质量。基因改造的粮食作物在过去十年里虽然备受争议,却已经越来越普遍,而树木的基因改造工程相对来说还是比较滞后。
这其中一个原因是技术问题。了解并改变一棵大松树的基因比制造品质优良的马铃薯复杂多了。马铃薯可在实验室里迅速发芽生长,但要在试管里把经过基因改造的细胞培育成一棵大树却不是几个月就能完成的,要花上好几年的时间呢。而且,对于树木的基因,我们知之甚少。有些树,比如松树,带有大概相当于人类10倍那么岁的DNA。人类染色体工程中分离和排列人类细胞里大概10万个基因的工作已经进展到一半了,而用同样的方法分析树种基因还只是处在萌芽阶段。
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