The shareholders as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and the paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them.

　　rival n.1.竞争对手 2.可与匹敌的人a.竞争的,对抗的 vt.与竞争

　　rivalry n.竞争,竞赛,对抗

　　contend vi.1.争夺 2.搏斗 vt.声称,主张

　　displace vt.1.取代,替代 2.迫使离开家园

　　liability n.1.责任 2.负债,债务 3.不利条件

　　handicap n.缺陷vt.妨碍,使不利

　　hinder vt.阻碍,妨碍

　　bureaucracy n.1.官僚主义 2.政府机构,官僚

　　engagement n.1.订婚,婚约 2.约会

　　energetic a.精力充沛的,充满活力的

　　brisk a.1.轻快的,生气勃勃的 2.兴隆的,繁忙活跃的

　　robust a.强壮的,健康的

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