利用上下文线索猜测词义的方法很多,但其核心是寻找与该生僻词相关的上下文意义线索,这些线索主要可归纳为以下几种:
①同义定义为了便于读者理解作者本义,作者有时会对文中的生僻词或专业性较强的词直接给出定义。在下定义时,作者常使用一些信号词,如:is/are,means,can be defined as,refer to,is/are known as,signify等,例:
Food fallacies refer to beliefs about food that are not true.
或标点符号,如,等,例:
Multiplexing transmitting independent signals at the same time in the same channelincreases the efficiency of radio channels.
有时,作者用同位语形式或连词or给出定义,例:
Nerve cells evidently first appeared in coelenterates, hollow gutted organisms like hydra and the sea anemone.
Intelligent behavior remained impossible until the appearance of relatively big,complex types of brainthe types we find among the vertebrates,or backboned animals.
②近义复述同一短文中上下毗邻的句子通常有互释作用,我们可以从上下文的复述中获取与某一单词相关的信息来猜度词义。例:
Mr. and Mrs. Firth had a long courtship. They dated for nine years before they got married.
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