It took many years for Jeffersons dream of education for everyone to approach reality. In 1870 only slightly more than half of all children of school age attended school. It was not until 1918 that every state had a compulsory school-attendance law. Today most states require the attendance of all children between the ages of six and sixteen. Approximately 99 percent of all American children of elementary school age and 94 percent of high school age go to school.
The quality of education has changed as the record of school attendance. For example, in a typical mid-nineteenth century elementary school class children sat in one place in one position for hours on end, with periodic arm swinging for exercise and perhaps occasional permission to go to the bathroom. The method of instruction was catechism .. . The teacher fed the stuff out one day, and wanted it back the next, in her own words.
Emphasis was on good behavior and learning what were called the three Rs reading, riting and rithmetic. Most of the teachers had no more than elementary school education themselves.
In the modern elementary school, in addition to the study of reading, writing, arithmetic, and language arts , children are taught social studies science, art, and music. They are. often also taught cooking and manual skills such as carpentry and sewing. Outdoor playgrounds and indoor gymnasiums offer opportunities for lots of physical exercise.
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