In Europe a recent feature of corporate life in the recession has been the de-layering of management structures. Hilary Sears said that this has halted progress for women in as much as de-layering has taken place either where women are working or in layers they aspire to. Sears also noted a positive trend from the recession, which has been the growing number of women who have started up on their own.
In business as a whole, there are a number of factors encouraging the prospect of greater equality in the workforce. Demographic trends suggest that the number of women going into employment is steadily increasing. In addition a far greater number of women are now passing through higher education, making them better qualified to move into management positions. Organizations such as the European Womens Management Development Network provide a range of opportunities for women to enhance their skills and contacts.
However, Ariane Antal, director of the International Institute for Organization Change for Archamps in France, said that there is only anecdotal evidence of changes in recruitment patterns. And she said: Its still so hard for women to even get on to shortlists -there are so many hurdles and barriers. She agreed that there have been some positive signs but said: Until there is a belief among employers, until they value the difference, nothing will change.
47. From the passage, we can see that males applicants ______ female applicants for top posts.
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