Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson 1ed a scientific expedition, which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in l895.

　　21. The proposal to 1ay a telegraph cable from Europe to America made oceanographic studies take on ___________.

　　A) an academic aspect B) a military aspect

　　C) a business aspect D) an international aspect

　　22. It was ____ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.

　　A) the American Navy

　　B) some early intercontinental travelers

　　C) those who earned a living from the sea

　　D) the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable

　　23. The aim of the voyages Maury was responsible for in the 1840s was_____.

　　A) to make some sounding experiments in the oceans

　　B) to collect samples of sea plants and animals

　　C) to estimate the length of cable that was needed

　　D) to measure the depths of the two oceans

　　24. Defied in the 5th paragraph probably means ___

　　A) doubted B) gave proof to C) challenged D) agreed to

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