4.根据同义词的替代关系猜测词义
在句子或段落种,我们可以利用熟悉的词语,根据语言环境推断生词词义。
例如:Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future.作者为避免重复使用endanger一词,用其同义词jeopardize来替代它,由此推知其词义为使......陷入危险、危及、危害。
Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful.
句中detrimental四个生词,但判断出harmful替代detrimental后,不难推断出其词义为不利的,有害的。
三.外部相关因素
外部相关因素是指篇章以外的其他知识。有时仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系无法猜出词义。这时,就需要运用生活经验和普通常识确定词义。
例如:Husband:its really cold out tonight.
Wife: Sure it is. My hands are practically numb. How about lighting the furnace?根据生活经验,天气寒冷时,手肯定是冻僵的,冻得麻木的。
The snake slithered through the grass.根据有关蛇的生活习性的知识,我们可以推断出slither词义为爬行。
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