四级阅读理解训练笔记：写作主题题型_大学英语阅读

四级阅读理解训练笔记：写作主题题型

　　through ____.

　　A) classical conditioning B) operant conditioning

　　C) both of them D) neither of them

　　14. In the third paragraph, the author is ____.

　　A) discussing how we grow and have new experiences every day

　　B) talking about learning to modify emotions through operant conditioning

　　C) concentrating on learning by reading, watching television, interacting with people, and so on

　　D) using examples to further illustrate learning through classical conditioning

　　15. In the following paragraphs the author will most probably go on to discuss _____.

　　A) definitions of positive feelings and negative feelings

　　B) the third kind of learning

　　C) further examples of learning through operant conditioning

　　D) none of the above

　　Question 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:

　　In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically be capable of producing and experiencing particular emotions before these emotions can be modified through learning. Psychologists have found that there are two basic processes by which learning takes place. One kind of learning is called classical conditioning . This occurs when one event or stimulus is consistently paired with, or followed by, a reward or punishment, It is through classical conditioning that a child learns to associate his mothers face and voice with happiness and love, for he learns that this person provides food and comfort. Negative emotions are learned in a similar fashion.