注:D选项是错误推理
70. The phrase token economies probably refers to _________.
A) ways to develop economy
B) systems of rewarding students
C) approaches to solving problems
D) methods of improving performance
注:1.token economy 是与 外部奖励 有关的内容
2.A选项是字面意思。有文章主题词的选项优选,本文主题词 reward
In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
69. It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe _________.
A) rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students
B) punishment is more effective than rewarding
C) failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standards
D) discouraging the students anticipation for easy rewards is a matter of urgency
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