另外,在表示这种对比关系时,作者通常会用一些信号词来表明另一个词语与前面的词语互为反义.这些信号词无疑为读者理解和猜测生词词义提供了非常好的线索.常用来表示对应关系和提供相反信息的信号词有:
but, yet, however, while, whereas, otherwise, in spite of, despite, even though, although, though, unlike, instead(of),rather than, nevertheless, nonetheless ,on the other hand, still, none the less, by contrast, on the contrary, in the end, compared to
[例] In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.
此句中,以信号词however为线索,可以看出作者把现在的事情与过去相比.过去是in an orderly way,而现在是in a state of turmoil,过去是秩序井然,那么现在则是相反,那就是一片混乱.
4. 以列举的句子为线索猜测词义
为了阐明某一种重要观念或者讲清某一抽象概念,作者往往采取举例的方式对这一观点或概念进行具体的说明和解释,从而使读者理解得更具体些.那么文中的例子自然也就成了读者理解文章生词的线索.表示列举关系的信号词有:
like,for example,for instance,such as, especially, include, consist of, specially
[例] Defined most broadly, folklore includes all the customs, belief and tradition that people have handed down from generation to generation.
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