篇章剖析: 这篇文章介绍了心理学家对于经济原则的看法。第一段讲述心理学家认为经济学家的观点是错误的;第二、三、四段、第五段讲述Burnham博士所作的研究;第六段讲述Burnham博士得出的结论;第七段是对这一结论的概括。 词汇注释: stingy adj. 小气的 saliva n. 唾液,口水 难句突破: In this case, taking a tough, if self-sacrificial, line at the beginning pays dividends in future rounds of the game. Taking a tough line pays dividends 这是一个简单句,主语由现在分词结构构成。 在这个事情上,如果自我牺牲,从一开始就采取强硬姿态会在未来几轮游戏中获得额外的资金。 In this game, which the players knew in advance was final and could thus not affect future outcomes, proposers could choose only between offering the other player $25 or $5. In this game, proposers could choose 这是一个复合句,which引导的定语从句用来修饰game。 在这个游戏中,玩家事先就知道这一轮是最后的结局,因此不会有影响未来的结果,分钱者只能选择给其他玩家25美元(也就是说多于全部金额的一半)或者是5美元。 题目分析: 1.According to the passage, psychologists are different from economist in that _____ 1. 根据这篇文章,心理学家和经济学家的不同之处在于_____ they think any financial gain is worthless if it could not guarantee the ultimatum game. 他们认为任何经济利润如果不能保证最后获胜就是没有用的。 they understand how economists are wrong by proving trivial financial gain could be ignored. 通过证明小的经济利润可以被忽略,他们认为经济学家们是错误的。 they believe that it is necessary to reject some trivial gains to get bigger ones. 他们相信有必要拒绝一些小的利润来获取大的利润。 they have known for a long time that from the perspective of psychology, financial gains are not worth pursuing. 他们知道长久以来,从心理学的角度来看,经济利润是不值得去追求的。 C ☆☆☆☆ 推理题。根据第一段,心理学家和经济学家的分歧在于心理学家看到的是最终的结果,而经济学家注重的是切实的利润,心理学家认为并不是所有的小利益都要去追求,可以舍小取大。因此,选项C是正确的。A选项显然是错误的,B选项prove这个词不准确,而D选项的错误在于不是 financial gains are not worth pursuing ,不值得追求的是 little financial gains 。 2.In the second paragraph, the sentence In this case, taking a tough, if self-sacrificial, line at the beginning pays dividends in future rounds of the game. means that _____ 2. 在第二段, 在这个事情上,如果自我牺牲的话,从一开始就采取粗略的估算会在未来几轮游戏中支付额外的资金 ,这句话的意思是_____ taking an uncompromising attitude at the beginning will lose more in the future rounds of the game. 从一开始就采取强硬的态度会在未来几轮的游戏中失去得更多。 people who are not so calculating at the beginning will get good returns in the end. 那些从一开始就不是很计较的人最后可以获得好的收益。 people who are selfless will get more in the end. 无私的人最终会得到更多。 taking a tough line at the beginning will pay more cost in the future game. 从一开始就粗略估算会在未来的游戏中付出更大的代价。 B ☆☆☆ 推理题。根据上下文可以推断出这句话的意思,下文提到如果拒绝小气的出价会是更大策略中的一步;那么可以推断这句话的意思就是从一开始不要贪得所有的大小利益,而是要有长远的眼光,这样才能取得更大的收益。选项中D最为符合。 3.The result of Dr Burnham s study in the one-round game players shows that _____ 3.Burnham博士对于一轮游戏研究的结果表明了_____ men with high testosterone levels are usually more motivated by the low offer. 睾丸激素高的人更加有拒绝低报酬的动机。 the fact testosterone is closely connected with social dominance proves people could hardly seeing a rival go ahead. 睾丸激素和社会优势有着密切的联系,这一事实证明了人们不能容忍看到对手领先。 men with high testosterone are more likely to reject the tenets of classical economics. 有较高睾丸激素的人更趋向于拒绝传统经济法则。 men with high testosterone pay more attention to the relative gains. 有较高睾丸激素的人更注重相关联的利润。 D ☆☆ 推理题。根据Burnham博士的研究结果是拒绝低价出价的回应者的睾丸激素水平要比那些接受的人高出50%,那么可以说明这些人更注重相关联的利润而不是眼前的利益。答案为D选项。 4.The point Dr Burham has concluded from his study is that _____ 4.Burham博士从他的研究中得出来的论点是_____ money is irrelevant when people seek for reproductive opportunities. 当人们寻求再生机会时,金钱就是无关紧要的了。 people prefer non-financial ways to fulfill their purpose of gaining social status. 人们更倾向于用非金钱的方式来实现他们取得社会地位的目标。 what people really strive for is relative rather than absolute prosperity. 人们真正追求的是相对财富,而不是绝对财富。 the definition of rationality is different between the fields of economics and psychology. 经济学和心理学对于理性的定义是不一样的。 C ☆☆☆ 细节题。第五段中提到了Burnham博士最终的支持的结论是更深的对传统经济原则的拒绝,是人们真正追求的是相对的财富而不是绝对的财富。因此,选项中C最为符合。选项A和B具有一定的误导性,文章最后一句话指出 If another route brings that status more directly, money is irrelevant ,即 如果另外一条路可以更为直接地导致这种情形,金钱就是不相关的 ,而两个选项都是误读。D选项也对应于文章的最后一段, Economists often refer to this sort of behaviour as irrational. In fact, it is not. It is simply, as it were, differently rational ,确实两种理性是不同的,但是文章没有明确指出其定义在两个学科中是完全不同的。 5.Which one of the following statements is TRUE of the behavior of rejecting a low offer mentioned in the passage? 5.关于文章中提到的拒绝低出价的行为,下列哪个陈述是正确的? This kind of behaviour is irrational as a matter of fact. 这种行为实际上是不理智的。 This kind of behavior pays more attention to the social status rather than money. 这种行为更注重社会地位而不是金钱。 This kind of behavior could bring desirable reproductive opportunities. 这种行为可以带来期望的再产出机会。 This kind of behavior is ration from a long view. 这种行为从长远来看是理智的。
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