篇章剖析: 这篇文章讲述了人们利用蛋白石宝石闪光特性的情况。第一段是总体的论述;第二段讲述蛋白石发光的原理;第三、四段讲述Baumberg博士根据该原理研制了弹性的晶体薄膜;第五、六段讲述弹性晶体薄膜的作用。 词汇注释: opal n. 蛋白石,猫眼石 sheen n. 光泽 synthetic adj. 合成的 polystyrene n. 聚苯乙烯 polymer n. 聚合体 iridescent adj. 闪光的 malleable adj. 有延展性的 spoilage n. 腐败 难句突破: A group of researchers from the University of Southampton, in England, and the German Plastics Institute in Darmstadt, led by Jeremy Baumberg, have discovered how to create a plastic with the gemstones iridescent properties. A group of researchers have discovered 这是一个简单句,led by 过去分词结构是前面researchers的定语 英国南安普敦大学的一群研究者和Jeremy Baumberg领导的位于达姆施塔特的德国塑料研究所发现了如何用宝石闪光的特性来制造一种塑料。 Light entering this lattice gets bounced around in ways that generate colour by reinforcing the peaks of some wavelengths and cancelling out those of others. Light gets bounced around in ways that 这是一个复合句,that引导的定语从句用来修饰ways. 进入该格子的光线反弹回来,通过加强了一些波长的波峰和减少了其他的波峰长度来产生出颜色。 题目分析: 1.Which one of the following statement is NOT true of the opals according to the passage? 1. 根据这篇文章,下列哪个陈述是不正确的? For years, scientists endeavor of imitating opals unique characteristics has reached nil. 多年来,科学家们试图模仿蛋白石特性的努力都没有取得任何成就。 Opals could be brilliant mainly because they have some kind of iridescent properties. 蛋白石闪光的主要是因为有一种闪光的成分。 Opals could be brilliant because they have tiny crystals which could scatter light. 蛋白石闪光是因为有小的水晶颗粒可以反射光。 Opals could be used to make a sparkling substitute for paint. 蛋白石可以用于制造一种替代涂料的闪光替代品。 A ☆☆☆ 细节题。根据第三段, For many years researchers have been trying to develop a synthetic material with the same light-scattering properties as an opal, by etching patterns into various materials. That approach has failed ,因此A选项是正确的,其中nil的意思是 零 。B选项对应于文章第一段,也提到了宝石闪光成分存在使得它可以闪光。C选项,第二段提到了这一点。D选项,第一段提到是发明的塑料可以用于制作油漆的闪光替代品,而不是蛋白石本身。因此,答案为A选项。 2.The opalescent material that Dr Baumberg and his team have developed model itself on _____ 2. Baumberg博士和他的小组自己研制出的乳白色物质是以____为原型的。 the face-centred cubic structure of the opals 蛋白石面部中心的立方结构 the light scattering properties of the opals. 蛋白石光泽发散的特性 the tiny polystyrene spheres of the opals. 蛋白石聚苯乙烯球体 the flexible film of crystals of the opals. 蛋白石晶体的弹性薄膜 A ☆☆ 细节题。文章第二和三段都提到了 the face-centred cubic structure ,尤其是文章第三段最后指出 As the mixture was baked, the spheres moved naturally into a face-centred cubic structure ,即这种乳白色的物质是许多聚苯乙烯球体加热后形成了面部中心的立方结构,从而可以闪光。因此,是模仿了面部中心的立方体结构。答案为A选项。 3.The flexible film of crystals Dr Baumberg has finally got is an ideal material for currency because _____ 3.Baumberg博士最后的弹性警惕薄膜是理想的制作钞票的物质,因为_____ it can be used to coat malleable surfaces so that the currency could have iridescent hues. 这种物质可以用来做有延展性表面,这样钞票就可以有特别的光波了。 the colour change as the film is bent so that the currency could be identified precisely. 薄膜弯曲后颜色会改变,这样钞票就可以精确地辨认出来。 different colours could be produced as the film could be tailored to scatter particular wavelengths of light. 薄膜可以量身定做来反射各种不同的光波,从而产生不同的颜色。 certain colours could be made as the currency is distended so that it is easy to distinguish. 随着钞票被伸展,可以产生一定的颜色从而容易辨别。 B ☆☆☆ 细节题。根据第四段,这种物质可以用于制作钞票一是因为球体的尺寸可以裁减来发散出特别的光波,而是因为薄膜弯曲的话可以产生不同的颜色。选项中B最为符合。 4.The logic that food spoilage could be detected by use of the film is that _____ 4.食品腐败可以使用这种薄膜来发现,这背后的原理是_____ the carbon particles Dr Baumberg adds into the film could react to specific toxic chemicals. Baumberg加在薄膜中的碳颗粒可以对一定的有毒化学物质产生反应。 the polystyrene spheres could scatter light from more angeles. 聚苯乙烯球体可以从不同的角度来反射光。 carbon particles positioned among the spheres could be adjusted to be sensitive to addled materials. 在球体中间的碳颗粒可以调节,从而对腐败的物质产生反应。 carbon particles added into the polystyrene spheres could make the film more iridescent. 可以在聚苯乙烯球体中加入碳颗粒,从而使薄膜更加发光。 C ☆☆☆☆ 细节题。 根据第五段,加入碳颗粒可以市的物质从更多角度发光,通过调节可以对特殊的有毒化学物质作出反应,因此选项C为正确答案。 5.The film of crystals with opalescent properties can be used to make the following materials except_____ 5.
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