注：intersection 交叉路口 inter+section

　　In establishing or refuting a causal relation it is usually necessary to show the process by which the alleged cause produces the effect. Such an explanation is called a causal process.

　　注：在证实或驳斥因果关系需要把推理过程显示出来，如灯灭了，牛奶变酸：灯灭了-停电-冰箱不工作-温度上升-牛奶变酸

　　1. What the author discussed in the previous section is most probably about ____.

　　A) relationships between causes and results

　　B) classification of reasoning

　　C) some other common types of reasoning

　　D) some special type of reasoning

　　注：文章之前的段落内容=首句+结构提示词，one-the

　　other/some-another

　　Another common type of reasoning is the search for causes and results. We want to know whether cigarettes really do cause lung cancer, what cause malnutrition, the decay of cities, or the decay of teeth. We are equally interested in effects: what is the effect of sulphur or lead in the atmosphere, of oil spills and raw sewage in rivers and the sea, of staying up late on the night before an examination?

　　2. According to the passage, to do the effect to effect reasoning is to reason

　　A) from cause to effect

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