In the United States, there were two opposing points of view. On one side of the coin, the Chinese were seen as an inexpensive means of providing the manual labor necessary to develop the assets of the country, most often in hazardous occupations. On the other side, there were those who branded them as the curse of the nation. Some Americans applauded the Chinese but others condemned them as evil. Some were disturbed by what might happen if all the immigrants decided to stay. Their distress was unfounded however, as most Chinese had no intention of staying. Their greatest wish was to accumulate as much money as possible and return to China.
在美国,存在两种对立的观点。一方面,华人被看成廉价的劳动力,为这个国家的财富积累提供了必要的人力资源,大多数通常从事危险的职业。另一方面,又有人污蔑他们是这个国家的祸根。有些美国人赞扬中国人,另一些人则指责他们是恶棍。还有些人忧心忡忡于如果所有移民都决定留下来可能会发生的问题。然而,他们的担心毫无道理,因为大多数华人并没打算留下来。他们最大的愿望就是尽可能地攒钱,然后回到中国。
Guilds were set up to provide lodging and employment for the emigrants, for a fee of course. The fee ensured that the worker would be paid a decent wage and that his employer would not deceive him. The accumulated fees amounted to a large sum, allowing the Guilds to help those who were ill or out of work. They not only saw that the worker received whatever was due to him, they also made him pay all his debts. The worker wasnt allowed to return to his own country without a certificate from his agent stating he owned nothing.
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