4. the whole project is doomed to failure/fail
解析:that-从句作主语通常用it作形式主语,而将that-从句置于句末。如:It is a pity that you should have to leave.另外,注定是一个固定搭配,be doomed to通常后接名词或不定式,如:The prisoner was doomed to death.His dogmatism is doomed to put him into isolation.
5. are controlled by this switch
解析:本题翻译并不难,但考查了by+执行者在句中的用法。我们知道,by+执行者结构表示被动,通常在句中可以省略。但在以下几种场合必须翻译出来。第一,当执行者指艺术家、发明家、发现者、革新者等的专有名词时,如:The Last Dinner was painted by Da Vinci.。第二,当执行者是非确定性名词短语时。如:While the boy was walking on the road,he was robbed of his bread by an old man.本题所考查的正是第三种;当执行者是非生物性名词短语时。
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