A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocatedthe elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.
Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, thosemanifesto, published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pretechnological utopia. But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are anti-science, as an essay in US News World Report last May seemed to suggest.
The environmentalists, inevitably, respond to such critics. The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences ofindustrial growth.
Indeed, some observers fear that the anti-science epithet is in danger of becoming meaningless. The term anti-science can lump together too many, quite different things, notes Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton in his 1993 work Science and Anti Science. They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened.
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科学与文化的其他方面的关系一直都很不稳定。想想看,17世纪伽利略由于他叛逆性的信仰而遭受到天主教会的审判,诗人威廉布莱克对艾萨克牛顿的机械论世界观进行尖锐地批判。本世纪,科学与人文之间的分裂加剧了。
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