54. B) Good parenting benefits society.
Anne Alstott教授在其书中表达的主要观点就是justifying parental support depends on defining the family as a social good that, in some sense, society must pay for.也就是说应该将家庭视作一个为社会带来好处的事情,同时该段中后面也阐述了社会期望也需要家长们对他们的孩子付出关爱。因此,教授的主要观点可以概括为良好的教养能造福于社会。
55. B) They fail to provide enough support for parents.
由最后一段中The state recognizes this in the large body of family laws that govern childrens welfare, yet parents receive little help in meeting the life-changing obligations society imposes.尽管州政府意识到了养育孩子的重要性,但是仍然家长们接受的帮助少之又少,因此答案为B。
56. D) It is basically a social undertaking.
由文中最后一段To classify parenting as a personal choice for which there is no collective responsibility is not merely to ignore the social benefits of good parenting可得出,将养育孩子作为一种个人选择,而不加之以社会责任的话,便是忽视良好教养所产生的社会效应这里的collective responsibility指的就是一种社会责任,意指良好教养是一个需要全社会共同努力的事业,因为其带来的社会效应是巨大的。因此作者反对将养育孩子仅仅作为个人选择来看待。作者需要的是collective responsibility,因此答案选D,因为教养孩子是一种社会事业。该题是带概括性质的题。
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