扩展句的目的是阐明、展开、补充主题句,起着论据、具体事例、详情解释等作用,并使主题句内容具体化。也就是说,扩展句应回答how and why的问题。写好扩展句就要以核心词为起始点,紧扣主题思想,深化主题句内容。
注意连贯与呼应
续写要注意各段之间内容的连贯与呼应。如果没有审清作文题和段落之间发展的必然联系,就匆忙下笔,生编硬套,势必造成各段内容松散,前后矛盾。段首句作文三个段落之间的关系一般是并列和转折。如Pleasures in Reading的第二、三段段首句前的两个过渡词语In the first place和Furthermore表示并列关系。通过主题句,我们知道,第一段和第二、第三之间又存在着因果关系,因为第二、第三段解释我为什么喜欢读书。续写这两段,应注意它们之间以及全文的连贯与呼应。
以Pleasures in Reading这个段首句作文题为例。第一段的续写考虑到开头段的性质和作用,应明确地阐述本文的中心论点。第二段的续写可以通过举例、摆事实来论述读书为什么能和怎样才能消除寂寞。第三段同样用举例论证法来论述读书为什么和怎样才能丰富生活。这样续写,读起来感到充分、有说服力。请看范文:
Pleasures in Reading
①I enjoy reading very much. ②Quite often I am so absorbed in a good book that for the time being I forget my surrounding and even myself. ③I think reading can offer me certain pleasures that real life cannot do.④In the first place, reading can disperse loneliness. ⑤In the pages of books I can talk and walk with the wise and the good of all lands and all times. ⑥The people I meet in books are always ready to give me friendship, sympathy, and encouragement, whereas my friends in reality cannot give me these when they leave me.⑦Furthermore, reading can add fullness to my life. ⑧By reading I can travel around the whole world, and lead varied lives. ⑨Through books the beauties of nature, the enjoyment of art, the triumphs of architecture, the marvels of engineering, are all open to my wonder and appreciation. ⑩It can be said those who cannot enjoy reading are poor men; those who enjoy reading most can obtain the greatest pleasure from it. ①主题句 ②举例说明我很喜欢读书 ③结尾句/过渡句 ④主题句/乐趣一 ⑤⑥具体解释读书为什么能和怎样消除寂寞 ⑦主题句/乐趣二 ⑧⑨解释读书为什么能和怎样丰富生活 ⑩总结全文
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