总分总结构在英文写作中的作用和应用_大学英语经验交流

总分总结构在英文写作中的作用和应用

　　很多学生哪怕了解了总分总结构的重要性，还是不能应用到写作或口语考试中，因为第一他们觉得这种形式，不就是总分总嘛，太简单了;第二，因为总分总需要抓大局，对喜欢考虑细节、见木不见林的学生而言太难。小瞧总分总就会屡屡挫败。记得上课时刚重申了总分总的重要，就问学生What can art tell people of life that science cannot?得到的答案是美呀生活的情趣等等，但没有一个是1) 完整的句子; 2) 类似艺术能告诉我们2点或3点是科学所不能告诉我们的这样总分结构的答案。可能读者会觉得这样的回答方式太机械了，不幸的是老外真的是这样思考问题，回答问题的，虽然他们嘴上说3点的时候心里可能还没想好具体的，但一边说一边往下想。学生不喜欢总分总还有另外一点就是这种结构对思维要求是非常高的，在没有动笔之前就要运筹帷幄，全盘想清楚。这就像在没有被学校录取前就要完成research proposal，把将来毕业论文的提纲写出来，对喜欢滑西瓜皮想到哪写到哪的考生来讲，当然很难适应。

　　为了熟练掌握总分总结构，除了反复提醒之外，充分了解这种结构的美妙能够帮助我们更快的认同并不知不觉就会使用它。而它的美在英文作品中随处可见。看Thomas Kempis神父在《内心世界》中如何教导人们不要听信谗言：We should not believe every word and suggestion, but should carefully and unhurriedly consider all things in accordance with the will of God. For such is the weakness of human nature, alas, that evil is often more readily believed and spoken of another than good. But perfect men do not easily believe every tale that is told them, for they know that mans nature is prone to evil, and his words to deception. 看Jane Eyre如何被Helen Burn，那个不幸死于肺结核的小女孩的语言所震动：The refreshing meal, the brilliant fire, the presence and kindness of her beloved instructress, or, perhaps, more than all these, something in her own unique mind, had roused her powers within her. They woke, they kindled: first, they glowed in the bright tint of her cheek, which till this hour I had never seen but pale and bloodless; then they shone in the liquid luster of her eyes, which had suddenly acquired beauty more singular than that of Miss Templesa beauty neither of fine color nor long eyelash, nor penciled brow, but of meaning, of movement, of radiance. Then her soul sat on her lips, and language flowed, from what source I cannot tell; has a girl of fourteen a heart large enough, vigorous enough to hold the swelling spring of pure, full, fervid eloquence? 看Helen Keller如何对善良之人感恩：On the first day, I should want to see the people whose kindness and gentleness and companionship have made my life worth living. First I should like to gaze long upon the face of my dear teacher, Mrs. Anne Sullivan Macy, who came to me when I was a child and opened the outer world to me. I should want not merely to see the outline of her face, so that I could cherish it in my memory, but to study that face and find in it the living evidence of the sympathetic tenderness and patience with which she accomplished the difficult task of my education. I should like to see in her eyes that strength of character which has enabled her to stand firm in the face of difficulties, and that compassion for all humanity which she has revealed to me so often. 不要以为只有英文才这么写，如果你习惯英文教课书的内容编排，翻翻中文博导论文集，你会觉得很亲切。