强调句型是英语中常用句子结构,又是高考中的常见考点,其基本结构为:It + be+ 被强调部分+that+句子其余部分。现将其用法归纳如下:
1. 强调句型中,能够被强调的句子成分通常为主语、状语、宾语等,不能用来强调谓语动词、表语、补语、让步状语、条件状语等。
例如 It was in the park that I mat my old teacher yesterday.
It is Mr. Smith that thinks Tom is a clever boy. (强调主语)
2. 强调句型中,连接词一般用that,如被强调的部分是人,也可用who/whom,其他一律用that,不能用which, where, when等,即使被强调的是物、时间状语或地点状语。
例如 It was at the gate that we met the inspectors this morning.
It is our head-teacher that/ who/whom we often turn to for help.
3. 强调结构中,无论被强调的是人还是物,单数还是复数,be动词一律用单数is/was形式,如果原句的谓语动词是一般过去时,就用was; 是一般现在时,就用is。也可以用情态动词+be形式。
例如 It was the farmers that lived a hard life before liberation.
It might be yesterday that John bought a book for Mary.
4. 强调句型也有疑问句形式,包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句。一般疑问句的强调形式,只需将is/ was 提前,移至句首即可,即:Is/ Was it that 。特殊疑问句的强调形式,须将陈述句变成一般疑问句,再在句首加上疑问词,即:疑问词(被强调部分)+is/was + it + that + 句子其余部分。
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