Intermediate goals relate to outcomes during the next few years. For the beginning doctoral student, intermediate goals may include completion of course work and preparation of a doctoral research proposal. Like lifetime goals, these are measurable and clearly stated.

　　Short-term goals involve outcomes expected during the next 12 months. These goals are more performance oriented, and they help with achievement of intermediate goals. Examples of short-term goals are earning an A in a course, learning how to program a computer or performing an experiment.

　　说明文的说明方法

　　对这些方法我们要了解并且掌握：

　　1. 定义法(definition)

　　定义法是用下定义的方式去揭示事物本质特征或概念内涵。它能使读者迅速抓住本质属性和基本特点。此法的句型：

　　① is a/the of which/that ② relate to/involve/refer to

　　【例】

　　(1)Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols which is used for human communication. 语言是人类用来交际的任意性的语音符号体系。

　　(2)Intermediate goals relate to outcomes during the next few years.

　　(3)Short-term goals involve outcomes expected during the next 12 months.

　　2. 举例法(illustration)

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