The effects of exercise on the heart and circulation can vary considerably with intensity of exercise and with physical fitness. As a person engages in regular aerobic exercise, the heart, lungs, and muscles all become more efficient at using oxygen. The heart pumps more blood with each stroke, the lung capacity of each inhalation increases, and the muscle fibers extract more oxygen from the blood. The training effect on the heart is quite obvious when heart rates are compared between long-distance runners and sedentary individuals. The athlete will have a lower heart rate at rest (perhaps as low as 50 beats per minute) and during light jogging, for example, than the nonathlete (who might have a resting rate of 80).

　　Benefits of Exercise(体育锻炼的好处)

　　The benefits of exercise are far-reaching. Clinical and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that regular aerobic exercise reduces the risk of death due to heart disease and stroke, aids in reducing weight, helps prevent diabetes mellitus, strengthens bones, and enhances immune function. The psychological benefits are also broad, and most studies suggest a positive relationship between physical fitness and mental achievement.

　　The relationship between regular aerobic exercise and cardiovascular health and longevity is well established.

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