33. Instead of bringing about apparent competitive edges, two or three years of additional academic training is simply a waste of time and energy. 二至三年额外的学术训练没能给学生带来显著的竞争优势,反而是白白地浪费了他们的时光与精力;现在分词短语bringing about apparent competitive edges这个动作,是主句的主语two or three years of additional academic training所发出的。bringing about或bringing在此处都可以用,意思略微不同;bringing是带来,bringing about是造成,导致,产生, competitive edges: 上面已讲过,是竞争优势的意思;在two or three years of additional academic training is simply a waste of time and energy 这个句子中,有人会问,two or three years of additional academic training作为一个充当主语的名词短语,是以复数形式出现的,与is a waste of time and energy中单数的动词is是否一致。回答是,是一致的。 虽然two or three years of additional academic training形式上是复数,但是,它是被动作一个整体来处理的,整个看作一段时间。 类似的例子如:Two years is a long time to wait. 此外,还有:Three miles is a long distance to walk. 等。a waste of time and energy是个不错的短语。
34. to reflect on this craze: 单独一个reflect当及物动词使用时,是反映,折射的意思,如:This article fully reflects his ideas. 但作为不及物动词,与介词on结合使用时,表示反思,思索
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