At the sametime, the new university greatly expanded in size and course offerings,breaking completely out of the old, constricted curriculum of mathematics,classics, rhetoric, and music. The president of Harvard pioneeredthe elective system, by which students were able to choose their owncourses of study. The notion of major fields of study emerged. The new
goal was to make the university relevant to the real pursuits of the world.Paying close heed to the practical needs of society, the new universities trained men and women to work at its tasks, withengineering students being the most characteristic of the new regime. Studentswere also trained as economists, architects, agriculturalists, socialwelfare workers, and teachers.
全文翻译:现代美国大学
19 世纪 50 年代以前美国有一些小的学院,大多数成立于殖民时期。 它们是与教会挂钩的小机构,主要目的是培养学生的道德品行。 当时在欧洲各地,高等教育机构已经发展 起来,用的是一个古老的名称--大学。
德国已经发展出一种不同类型的大学。 德国大学关心的主要是创造知识和传播知识,而不是道德教育。 从世纪中叶到世纪末,有 9000 多名美 国青年因不满国内所受的教育而赴德深造。 他们中的一些人回国后成为一些知名学府--哈 佛、耶鲁、哥伦比亚的校长并且把这些学府转变成了现代意义的大学。
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