A temperature increase of several degrees Celsius could result in a sea level rise ranging from about 10 cm to about 1 m . A sea level rise of about 0.5 m would be noticeable primarily in the most vulnerable, low-lying islands and coastal areas. Larger sea level rises would result in extensive flooding of lowland beaches, wetlands, and coastal settlements. Moreover, a higher sea level base would increases the risk of catastrophic storm surges in coastal areas, since flooding would likely extend island well beyond historic levels.
Warmer temperature could also intensify droughts in some regions, destabilize ecosystems, and cause the decline or extinction of some species. Since carbon dioxide enhances photosynthesis, some scientists have calculated that higher concentrations in the atmosphere would increase the productivity of crops and forests. But others have point out that carbon dioxide increase and a warming climate could encourage the spread of destructive pests, including weeds and disease-carrying insects.
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大气储存热量的能力被普遍看作是温室效应。尽管公众对于全球气候变暖这一问题存在争议,但是在科学界,自然的温室效应问题很久前就被看作是事实了。确实,如果不是因为云层、水蒸气、二氧化碳以及其他气体对热量的储存,地球的自然温度应该比现在低 33 度,生命在那种气候条件下的进化将会大不一样。
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