their backs.

　　(A) Farmers had few tools before the agricultural revolution.

　　(B) People in the United States were traditionally self-reliant.

　　(C) Life on the farm was extremely difficult.

　　(D) New tools were designed to be portable.

　　7. When was the iron plow invented?

　　(A)In 1790.

　　(B) In the early 1800 s.

　　(C) In 1869.

　　(D) In the early 1900 s.

　　8. According to the passage, which of the following statements about Charles Newbold is true?

　　(A) He was James Oliver s assistant.

　　(B) He was born in Europe.

　　(C) He was opposed to scientific agriculture.

　　(D) He spent his own money to promote his invention.

　　9. The word it in line 12 refers to

　　(A) scientific agriculture

　　(B) James Oliver s invention

　　(C) the cast-iron plow

　　(D) Charles Newbold s fortune

　　10. Why did farmers reject Newbold s plow?

　　(A) Their horses were frightened by it.

　　(B) They preferred lighter tools.

　　(C) It was too expensive.

　　(D) They thought it would ruin the land.

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